The geographical  formations represented in Bargarh District  can be arrenged in the following order  of increasing antiquity:

Recent                          Soil & alluvium

Tertiary                        Late rites and Later tic iron Ore (Manganifesous)

Lower Gondwana             Sandstone & Boulder bed

Cuddapah                    Quartzite’s and Lime Stone

Dharwars                     Gondites, Mica, Dolomite-Marble

Archaeans                    Granites,Quartzites etc

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GRAPHAITE

Graphite deposits have been found in the Sargipali (2o 54' 32" : 83 04' 46").Dahigaun (20* 0' 59" : 83 02' 26") Semiliguga (20 56' 30" : 83 13' 30" ) Dahita (20 54' 30" : 83 08') Buden (20 53' : 83 01' 30") of Padampur subdivision of Bargarh District . The minerals occurs as veins, pockets or bands in the granetiferous gneiss, which are a verity of Khondalites. Sargipali is the most important occurrence in the district. where graphite occurs in the form of a lance shaped vein of about 6-8 meters thick at its centre. The quality of the graphite is very high , the fixed carbon content being about 45% on the average. Small quantities of Iron And Silver ore is also find at Padampur (21 45' : 83 34') but these are of no economic importance .

LIME STONE & DOLOMITE

Extencive deposit of limestone occurs at Padampur (21 45': 83 34' ) Lakhanpur (21 38": 83 37') Dunguri (21 42" :83 34') Behera ( 21 39': 83 32') Banjipali (21 38': 83 30') Kusmuda (21 37' : 83 30') Putuka ( 21 10': 82 58') Ruuchida (21 36': 83 24') Dwari (21 33': 83 26') Purapali (21 32': 83 24') Jampali (21 33': 8324') Darlipali (21 31': 8323') Kutharpali (21 31': 8322')  The lime stone deposit of this localities can be  grouped in these  area (i) Dunguri- Banjipali area , (ii) Lakanpur area , (iii) Padampur area, (iv) Putuka area (v) Ruchida area (vi) Dwari- Kutharpali area outcrops of Dolomite are found 1.2 K.M  near Lether ( 21 40': 83 37') and Paruabhadi (2140': 83 38")  . Exposures of Dolomite and high silica limestone are found near Tamdei (21 43' 30" : 83 35' 30") , Launsara (21 40' 30": 83 33') Padampur (21 45' : 83 34') Bardhara (21 48': 83 31') Gudum (21 44': 83 32')

MICA

Ruby  mica occurs in  both Bargarh & Padampur   subdivision . specially in Freserpur (20 59' : 82 51') Kenchodadar ( 20 59': 82 51') Bartunda (20 50': 82 45') Jamseth (20 49': 82 43') , Temerimal ( 20 45': 82 44')  of Padampur subdivision. Clay: Sedimentary clay, small amount of China clay and lithomarge type of clay found in the Bargarh district. Sedimentary clay occur in the bed of Gandwana  Age, while china clay have been derived as alteration product of Granites and other falsephar rich rocks . Lithomarge (White Clay )  occur in association with the late rites .Small amount of Chinaclay found in the soil of paharsirgida (21-28: 83 -46 ) Katapali (21-24: 83-38) Banjipali ( 21-21: 83-46) . these type of clay on burning  retains its whiteness and its linear shriankage is about 20% . It does not crack but softens slightly at 1400 C . Lithomarge (White Clay ) found in the Khola village ( 21-39: 83-39) of Bargarh subdivision . a bed of white clay with traces of creamy or yellowish clayey layers occur associated with ferruginous quartzotic sandstone of Cuddapah age . This type of clay are soft, fine and good plasticity . The colour when unborn is cream white and grayish when burnt .Liner shrinkage is 12.5% , it nither cracks not fuses at 1400 C.  Lead and Silver ore are repotted from Junani (21.32: 83-51) and Padampur (21-45: 83-34) but it has no economic importance. Orissa Mining Corporation (OMC) has executed a joint venture agreement on 49:51 equity basis with RIOTINTO MINERAL DEVELOPMENT , U.K. on dated 24th February 1995 to carry out phase wise feasibility study on GANDHAMARDAN   iron ore and other mineral deposit. A separate wholly owned subsidiary of OMC in the name of Gandhamardan Mineral Development Company Limited  to carry out the RTOM-2 work has been incorporated. (  39th Annual report- of OMC- 1994-95)

BAUXITE

A joint venture Agreement had been executed between OMC & Continental Resources Ltd. Canada on 18.4.1997 with an equity of 50:50 for development of Gandhamardan Bauxite in Bargarh and Balangir district. the total aluminum complex cost will be around  of Rupees 10,000  crores . It has also got the clearance of Reserve Bank of India  and registered  as a Joint Venture Company . But forest clearance by the Central Government has yet to be obtained.