A s per Soil Taxonomy, the soils of Orissa are  divided into four orders namely Alfisols,  Inceptisols, Entisols and Vertisols. Inceptisols are most extensive occupying 49% area followed by  Alfisols(35%),Entisols(10%) and Vertisols (6%)  (Sahu and Mishra, 2005) The soils of Hirakud command area, which is one of the largest irrigation projects of the country covering parts of the districts of Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir and Sonepur have been derived from Gondwana Shield rock system. The landforms are hill, ridge, valley, levee and stream terraces. Biotite- gneiss is the dominant rock of the area(Mishra,1981).Besides this the lithology of the area also comprises of alluvium found in the river sides. The soils are classified into four orders-Alfisols(70.8%), Inceptisols  (14.0%), Vertisols (9.3%) and Entisols (5.9%). In the sub-order level Ustalfs (60.2%), great- group level Haplustalfs (59.2%) and sub-group level Udic-Haplustalfs (37.2%) are most prevalent. Elluviation, illuviation, leaching and brownification are the predominant pedogenic processes of upland, mid-upland and midlowland soils where as enrichment and gleization are the dominant pedogenic process of lowland soils (Mishra, 1987; Mishra, 2005).

Broadly soil of Bargarh District may be classified as transported and residual soil on the basis of its mode of formation. The transported soil is an admixture of eroded materials and it heterogeneous in character . The residual soils are mainly worn out by different agents of erosion .They preserve the character of the bed rocks .  the  residual soils are encountered in the interfluves , mountains and plateaus .The Soils are the products of the parent rocks are known as  endodynamorphous  but when influenced by environmental factors they are called as ectodynamorphous . Both the type of soil found in the Bargarh district .  Climatic variations and season changes have resulted in predominance of chemical weathering over  the physical erosion . Intense insulations during summer destroy organic matter and rain the rain help in transporting it. Thus climate has played a vital role in determining the character of the soil in Bargarh or Orissa as a whole.

Redizina  This type of soil  found in Bargarh District . On account of the presence of lime stone , the accumulation of natural humus is found . The soil is black and consists of course debris, gravel and slit. Agriculturally it is poor as it has little plant nutrients .it suffers from drainage with the subsoil sucking away the water very rapidly.

Plano sol this  of soil found in some part of. . Lack of  the protective action of lime wash away silica , high summer temperature  prevents the formation of humus, lack of humus does not allow pod solisation- these poor drainage conditions help in the formation of a hard clay pan . Plano sol is heavy and difficult to work on.

Yellow Earth. Yellow soil found in Bargarh districts .  Yellow soil is very common in the Sambalpur valley and to the east of the IB River. Because of excellent drainage conditions and high water level it has developed in a smooth relief. The ground water stands a few feet bellow the surface. The soil is baked and humus is eroded by high rainfall. Ferrous oxide in combination with silicic acid has produced yellow solutions. The soil is sticky and contains very little exchangeable calcium and magnesium .

Black earth. Black earth is found in Bargarh district  . Black earth is generally known as Black cotton soil, as it is very suitable for cotton cultivation, it is also known as Regur Soil. It has developed from vegetation approaching the steppe grass from low precipitation and dry winters. It is clayed and rich in lime at some places . The presence of clay makes it sticky during the rains, but cracks develop during summer . It is alkaline in reaction and the pH varies from 7.5 t0 8.5 . The Regur soil further classified as Khalia, Chandi Khalia, and Gutkhalia & Genguti Khalia.